Imipira yumupira Kugira ibyiringiro byiza mubikorwa bya peteroli na gazi

Reba Ishusho Nini
Imipira yumupira ifite ibyiringiro byiza mubikorwa bya peteroli na gaze, bifitanye isano ya hafi no kwibanda ku mbaraga ku isi.Dukurikije isesengura ry’ubuyobozi bushinzwe amakuru y’ingufu, ikoreshwa ry’ingufu ku isi rizamuka ku gipimo cyo hejuru.Mu myaka 10 ~ 15 iri imbere, gukoresha ingufu ku isi biziyongera 44%.Mubice byinshi, ikoreshwa rya peteroli na gaze bizaba kimwe cya kabiri cyingufu zose zikoreshwa.Isoko rya peteroli na gaze bizahinduka icyerekezo cyimipira.

Kuki utagomba gukoresha ingufu nshya aho gukoresha peteroli ikoreshwa cyane?Mu myaka mirongo iri imbere, ibintu ntibishobora guhinduka byoroshye.Birumvikana ko ifite neza gukoresha imbaraga nshya.Nyamara mubihe byubu, gusimbuza ingufu ntibishobora kugerwaho mugihe gito.Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, ibikenerwa na peteroli ku isi no kubikoresha bizakomeza kubaho neza.Mugihe ibintu bimeze neza bya macroscopique, ibisabwa kuri peteroli na gaze bizagerwaho.

Ni irihe sano riri hagati yicyizere cyiza kumasoko ya peteroli na gaze hamwe numupira wamaguru?Nkubwoko bwo guca ibintu, imipira yumupira izaba indangagaciro zingirakamaro kumuyoboro wa peteroli na gaze kwisi mumyaka itanu iri imbere.Hazubakwa ibirometero bigera ku bihumbi 326, bisaba hafi miliyari 200 z'amadorari.Aziya izahinduka isoko rinini ryishoramari rya peteroli na gaze, bizazana inyungu zakarere mukibaya cyumupira wubushinwa.Kinini

ishoramari ku miyoboro ya peteroli na gaze nacyo ni ikintu cyingenzi gitera peteroli yo mubushinwa kohereza hanze kwaguka buri gihe.

Bimenyekanye ko Ubushinwa buzubaka kilometero zirenga 20 z'imiyoboro yohereza peteroli mu myaka 10 iri imbere, harimo imiyoboro ya peteroli ihuza ibihugu byambukiranya Uburusiya, Kazakisitani, n'ibindi. kilometero igihumbi imiyoboro yamavuta namahanga.Iyo mishinga izakenera imipira minini irenga ibihumbi 20 ya diametre, imipira mito mito mito mito, imipira ya trunnion hamwe numupira wuzuye wuzuye, bizatanga isoko rinini mumasoko yinganda.Ikirenzeho, gutobora amakara ataziguye bishobora gukora inganda nshya.Tekinoroji yo gukongeza amakara itaziguye ifite ubushyuhe bwo gukora cyane, umuvuduko mwinshi hamwe nibintu byinshi bigize uduce duto, ibyo bikaba bisabwa cyane kumipira.Bizahinduka isoko ryiyongera.

Kubwibyo, amatsinda yibikorwa agomba gutegurwa mumasoko ya valve kugirango yongere ishoramari mubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga, azamura ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa kugirango ibipimo bishobore guhuza iterambere mubwinshi no mubwiza.